圣诞岛（theterritoryofchristmasisland）位于澳大利亚西北印度洋上，靠近爪洼岛，1958年前属新加坡领土，是全球除中国外少数以华人为主的地区之一。地图如下图所示。
圣诞岛是属于哪个国家的
圣诞岛，地名。在地球上共有2座同名岛屿。一座位于澳大利亚海外领地，是全球少数以华人为主的地区之一；另一座位于莱恩群岛，是太平洋上最大环礁。参考资料：
里面更详细~~
地图中的圣诞岛旁边为什么有个基字
圣诞岛有两个,一个位于印度洋,属于澳大利亚;
另一个位于太平洋,属于基里巴斯
“基”字是基里巴斯的简称，
就像夏威夷群岛那有个（美）字
圣诞岛---英语介绍
theterritoryofchristmasislandisaterritoryofaustraliaintheindianocean.itislocated2,600kilometres(1,600mi)northwestofthewesternaustraliancityofperth,500km(310mi)southoftheindonesiancapital,jakarta,and975km(606mi)eneofthecocos(keeling)islands.
ithasapopulationofapproximately1,600residentswholiveinanumberof"settlementareas"onthenortherntipoftheisland:flyingfishcove(alsoknownaskampong),silvercity,poonsaan,anddrumsite.
theisland’sgeographicisolationandhistoryofminimalhumandisturbancehasledtoahighlevelofendemismamongstitsfloraandfauna,whichisofsignificantinteresttoscientistsandnaturalists.[2]
phosphate,depositedasguano,hasbeenminedontheislandformanyyears.63%ofits135squarekilometres(52sqmi)isnationa**arkandtherearelargeareasofprimaryrainforest.
history
britishanddutchnavigatorsfirstincludedtheislandontheirchartsintheearlyseventeenthcentury,andcaptainwilliammynorsofthebritisheastindiacompanyvessel,theroyalmary,namedtheislandwhenhearrivedonchristmasday,25december1643.[3]theislandfirstappearsonamapproducedbypietergoosandpublishedin1666.gooshadlabelledtheislandmony.[4]
theearliestrecordedvisitwasinmarch1688bywilliamdampierofthebritishshipcygnet,whofoundituninhabited.[5]anaccountofthevisitcanbefoundindampier'svoyages,whichdescribeshow,whentryingtoreachcocosfromnewholland,hisshipwaspulledoffcourseinaneasterlydirectionandafter28daysarrivedatchristmasisland.dampierlandedatthedales(onthewestcoast)andtwoofhiscrewmenwerethefirstrecordedpeopletosetfootonchristmasisland.
thenextvisitwasbydanielbeekman,whodescribeditinhis1718book,avoyagetoandfromtheislandofborneo,intheeastindies.
people
asof2006,theestimatedpopulationis1,493.(theaustralianbureauofstatisticsreportsapopulationof1,508asofthe2001census.)
theethniccompositionis70%chinese(mainlycantonese),20%europeanand10%malay.religionspractisedonchristmasislandincludebuddhism75%,christianity12%,islam10%andothers3%.englishistheofficiallanguage,butcantoneseandmalayarealsospoken.bothenglishandcantonesearelinguafranca.
[show]v•d•edemographicsofoceania
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dependenciesand
otherterritoriesamericansamoa·christmasisland·cocos(keeling)islands·cookislands·frenchpolynesia·guam·hawaii·newcaledonia·niue·norfolkisland·northernmarianaislands·pitcairnislands·tokelau·wallisandfutuna
1transcontinentalcountry.
[edit]postagestamps
mainarticle:postagestampsandpostalhistoryofchristmasisland
apostalagencywasopenedontheislandin1901andsoldstampsofthestraitsettlements.[9]
afterthejapaneseoccupation(1942–1945),postagestampsofthebritishmilitaryadministrationinmalayawereinuse,thenstampsofsingapore.[10]
in1958,theislandreceiveditsownpostagestampsafterbeingputunderaustraliancustody.ithadalargephilatelicandpostalindependence,managedfirstbythephosphatecommission(1958–1969)andthenbytheisland'sadministration(1969–1993).[9]thisendedon2march1993whenaustraliapostbecametheisland'spostaloperator:stampsofchristmasislandcanbeusedinaustraliaandaustralianstampsintheisland.[10]
[edit]g****nment
christmasislandisanon-selfg****ningterritoryofaustralia,administeredbytheattorney-general'sdepartment[11](beforenovember29,2007[12]administrationwascarriedoutbythedepartmentoftransportandregionalservices).thelegalsystemisundertheauthorityoftheg****nor-generalofaustraliaandaustralianlaw.anadministrator(neillucas,since28january2006)appointedbytheg****nor-generalrepresentsthemonarchandaustralia.
theaustraliang****nmentprovidescommonwealth-levelg****nmentservicesthroughthechristmasislandadministrationandthedepartmentofinfrastructure.thereisnostateg****nment;instead,stateg****nmenttypeservicesareprovidedbycontractors,includingdepartmentsofthewesternaustraliang****nment,withthecostsmetbytheaustralian(commonwealth)g****nment.aunicameralshireofchristmasislandwith9seatsprovideslocalg****nmentservicesandiselectedbypopularvotetoservefour-yearterms.electionsareheldeverytwoyears,withhalfthemembersstandingforelection.
christmasislandresidentswhoareaustraliancitizensalsovoteincommonwealth(federal)elections.christmasislandresidentsarerepresentedinthehouseofrepresentativesthroughthenorthernterritorydivisionoflingiariandinthesenatebynorthernterritorysenators.
inearly1986,thechristmasislandassemblyheldadesigncompetitionforanislandflag;th****ningdesignwasadoptedastheinformalflagoftheterritoryfor****adecade,andin2002itwasmadetheofficialflagofchristmasisland.
[edit]economy
phosphatemininghadbeentheonlysignificanteconomicactivity,butindecember1987theaustraliang****nmentclosedthemine.in1991,theminewasreopenedbyaconsortiumwhichincludedmanyoftheformermineworkersasshareholders.withthesupportoftheg****nment,a$34millioncasinoopenedin1993,butwasclosedin1998andhasnotre-opened.theaustraliang****nmentin2001agreedtosupportthecreationofacommercialspaceportontheisland,howeverthishasnotyetbeenconstructed,andappearsthatitwillnotproceedinthefuture.thehowardg****nmentbuiltatemporaryimmigrationdetentioncentreontheislandin2001andplannedtoreplaceitwithalarger,modernfacilitylocatedatnorthwestpointuntilhoward'sdefeatinthe2007elections.
[edit]geography
christmasislandlocatedat10°30′s105°40′e/10.5°s105.667°e/-10.5;105.667,theislandisaquadrilateralwithhollowedsides,about19kilometres(12mi)ingreatestlengthand14.5km(9.0mi)inextremebreadth.thetotallandareais135squarekilometres(52sqmi),with138.9km(86.3mi)ofcoastline.theislandistheflatsummitofasubmarinemountainmorethan4,500metres(15,000ft),[13]thedepthoftheplatformfromwhichitrisesbeingabout4,200m(14,000ft)anditsheightabovetheseabeingupwardsof300m(980ft).[14]themountainwasoriginallyavolcano,andsomebasaltisexposedinplacessuchasthedalesanddollybeach,butmostofthesurfacerockislimestoneaccumulatedfromthegrowthofcoral****millionsofyears.[15]
theclimateistropical,withheatandhumiditymoderatedbytrad****ds.steepcliffsalongmuchofthecoastriseabruptlytoacentra**lateau.elevationrangesfromsealevelto361m(1,180ft)atmurrayhill.theislandismainlytropicalrainforest,ofwhich63%isnationa**ark.
thenarrowfringingreefsurroundingtheislandcanbeamaritimehazard.
christmasislandis500km(310mi)southofindonesiaandabout2,600km(1,600mi)northwestofperth.
[edit]floraandfauna
seealso:birdsofchristmasisland
coconutcrab
christmasislandredcrab
red-footedboobies
commonnoddy
brownboobychristmasislandisofimmensescientificvalueasitwasuninhabiteduntilthelatenineteenthcentury,somanyuniquespeciesoffaunaandfloraexistwhichhaveevolvedindependentlyofhumaninterference.twospeciesofnativerats,themaclear'sandbulldograthavegoneextinctsincetheislandwassettled,thespeciesofshrewhasnotbeenseensincethemid1980sandmaybealreadyextinct,andthechristmasislandpipistrelle,asmallbatiscriticallyendangered.two-thirdsoftheislandhasbeendeclaredanationa**arkwhichismanagedbytheaustraliandepartmentofenvironmentandheritagethroughparksaustralia.
thedenserainforesthasevolvedinthedeepsoilsoftheplateauandontheterraces.theforestsaredominatedbytwenty-fivetreespecies.ferns,orchidsandvinesgrowonthebranchesinthehumidatmospherebeneaththecanopy.the135plantspeciesincludesixteenwhicharefoundonlyonchristmasisland.
theannualredcrabmassmigration(around100millionanimals)totheseatospawnhasbeencalledoneofthewondersofthenaturalworld[16]andtakesplaceeachyeararoundnovember;afterthestartofthewetseasonandinsynchronisationwiththecycleofthemoon.
thelandcrabsandseabirdsarethemostnoticeableanimalsontheisland.twentyterrestrialandintertidalspeciesofcrab(ofwhichthirteenareregardedastruelandcrabs,onlydependentontheoceanforlarvaldevelopment)havebeendescribed.robbercrabs,knownelsewhereascoconutcrabs,alsoexistinlargenumbersontheisland.
christmasislandisafoca**ointforseabirdsofvariousspecies.eightspeciesorsubspeciesofseabirdsnestontheisland.themostnumerousisthered-footedboobythatnestsincolonies,intrees,onmanypartsoftheshoreterrace.thewidespreadbrownboobynestsonthegroundneartheedgeoftheseacliffandinlandcliffs.abbott'sbooby(listedasendangered)nestsontallemergenttreesofthewestern,northernandsouthernplateaurainforest.thechristmasislandforestistheonlynestinghabitatoftheabbott'sboobyleftintheworld.theendemicchristmasislandfrigatebird(listedasendangered)hasnestingareasonthenorth-easternshoreterracesandthemorewidespread.greatfrigatebirdsnestinsemi-deciduoustreesontheshoreterracewiththegreatestconcentrationsbeinginthenorthwestandsouthpointareas.thecommonnoddyandtwospeciesofbosunsortropicbirds,withtheirbrilliantgoldorsilverplumageanddistinctivestreamertailfeathers,alsonestontheisland.ofthetennativelandbirdsandshorebirds,sevenareendemicspeciesorsubspecies.some86migrantbirdspecieshavebeenrecorded.
[edit]communicationsandtransportation
telephoneservicesareprovidedbytelstraandareapartoftheaustraliannetworkwiththesameprefixaswesternaustralia(08).agsmmobiletelephonesystemreplacedtheoldanaloguenetworkinfebruary2005.fourfree-to-airtelevisionstationsfromaustraliaarebroadcast(abc,sbs,gwnandwin)inthesametime-zoneasperth.radiobroadcastsfromaustraliaincludeabcradionational,abcregionalradioandredfm.allservicesareprovidedbysatellitelinksfromthemainland.broadbandinternetbecameavailabletosubscribersinurbanareasinmid2005throughthelocalinternetserviceprovider,ciia(formerlydotcx).
christmasisland,duetoitscloseproximitytoaustralia'snorthernneighbours,fallswithinmanyofthemore'interesting'satellitefootprintsthroughouttheregion.thisresultsinidealconditionsforreceivingvariousasianbroadcastswhichlocalssometimesprefertothewestaustralianprovidedcontent.additionally,ionosphericconditionsusuallybodewellformanyofthemoreterrestrialradiotransmissions-hfrightupthroughvhfandsometimesintouhf.theislandplayshometoasmallarrayofradioequipmentthat,evidently,spansagoodchunkoftheusablespectrum.avarietyofg****nmentownedandoperatedantennasystemsareemployedontheislandtotakeadvantageofthis.
acontainerportexistsatflyingfishcovewithanalternativecontainerun*******pointtothesouthoftheislandatnorrispointforuseduringthedecembertomarch'swellseason"ofseasonalroughseas.
an18kmstandardgaugerailwayfromflyingfishcovetothephosphateminewasconstructedin1914.itwasclosedindecember1987whentheaustraliang****nmentclosedtheminebutremainslargelyintact.
therearethreeweeklyflightsintochristmasislandairportfromperth,westernaustralia(viaraaflearmonth)andaweeklycharterflightfrommalaysiaoperatedbymalaysiaairlinesonsaturdays.
thereisanewrecreationcentreatphosphatehilloperatedbytheshireofchristmasisland.thereisalsoataxiservice.theroadnetworkc****smostoftheislandandisgenerallygoodquality,althoughfourwheeldrivevehiclesareneededtoaccesssomemoredistantpartsoftherainforestorthemoreisolatedbeaches,whichareonlyaccessiblebyroughdirtroads.
[edit]
